Wesi basis wesi ngemot luwih saka 12% kromium disebut stainless steel casting.
Karakteristik paling dhasar saka stainless steel yaiku tahan karat ing kahanan atmosfer lan tahan karat ing macem-macem media cair. Tegese stainless steel: stainless steel minangka istilah umum kanggo stainless steel lan baja tahan asam. Baja tahan karat nuduhake baja sing tahan kanggo media korosif sing lemah kayata atmosfer, uap lan banyu, dene baja tahan asam nuduhake baja sing tahan kanggo media korosif kimia kayata asam, alkali lan uyah. Ana prabédan amba antarane stainless steel lan asam-tahan baja ing jurusan alloying. Senajan stainless steel punika teyeng-bukti, iku ora kudu asam-tahan; nalika baja tahan asam umume tahan karat. Baja paduan dhuwur sing bisa nolak karat ing udara utawa media korosif kimia. Baja tahan karat nduweni permukaan sing apik lan tahan karat sing apik. Ora perlu ngalami perawatan lumahing kayata plating, nanging menehi play lengkap kanggo sifat lumahing gawan saka stainless steel. Iki minangka jinis baja sing digunakake ing pirang-pirang aspek lan biasane diarani stainless steel. Saka perspektif metallografi, amarga stainless steel ngandhut kromium, film kromium sing tipis banget dibentuk ing permukaan. Film iki ngisolasi oksigen sing nyerang baja lan nduweni peran kanggo tahan korosi. Kanggo njaga resistance karat saka stainless steel, baja kudu ngemot luwih saka 12% kromium.
Merk (GB 1220 | Perawatan Panas ℃ | Tes tensile | Tes kekerasan | |||||
002 Mpa | 0b MPa | 8s % | ψ % | HB | HRB | HV | ||
Ora luwih saka | ||||||||
1Cr17Mn6Ni5N | solusi ngalangi 1010-1120 cooling cepet | 275 | 520 | 40 | 45 | 241 | 100 | 253 |
1Cr18Mn8Ni5N | Solusi padhet 1100-1150 cooling cepet | 275 | 520 | 40 | 45 | 207 | 95 | 218 |
1Cr18Mn10Ni5Mo3N | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 345 | 685 | 45 | 65 | |||
1cr17ni7 | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
1Cr18Ni9 | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
Y1Cr18Ni9 | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 50 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
Y1Cr18Ni98e | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 50 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr18Ni9(304) | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
00Cr19Ni10(304L) | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 177 | 480 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr19Ni9N | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 275 | 550 | 35 | 50 | 217 | 95 | 220 |
0Cr19Ni10NbN | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 345 | 685 | 35 | 50 | 250 | 100 | 260 |
00Cr18Ni10N | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 245 | 550 | 40 | 50 | 217 | 95 | 220 |
1Cr18Ni12(305) | Solusi padhet 1030-1050 cooling cepet | 177 | 480 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr23Ni13(309S) | Solusi padhet 1030-1180 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr25Ni20(310S) | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 50 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr17Ni12Mo2(316) | Solusi padhet 1000-1100 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti | solusi ngalangi 1010-1120 cooling cepet | 205 | 530 | 40 | 55 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti | Solusi padhet 1000-1100 cooling cepet | 205 | 530 | 40 | 55 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
00Cr17Ni14Mo2(316L) | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 177 | 480 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr17Ni12Mo2N(316N) | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 275 | 550 | 35 | 50 | 187 | 95 | 200 |
00Cr17Ni13Mo2N | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 245 | 550 | 40 | 50 | 217 | 95 | 220 |
0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2 | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 60 | 217 | 90 | 220 |
00Cr18NI14Mo2Cu2 | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 177 | 400 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr19Ni13Mo3 | solusi ngalangi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
00Cr19Ni13Mo3 | Solusi padhet 1000-1100 cooling cepet | 177 | 480 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti | solusi ngalangi 1 000-1100 cooling cepet | 205 | 530 | 40 | 55 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr18Ni12Mo3T | Solusi 1030-1180 cooling cepet | 205 | 530 | 40 | 55 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr18Ni16Mo5 | Solusi 920-1150 cooling cepet | 177 | 480 | 40 | 45 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
1Cr18Ni9T | Solusi 920-1150 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 50 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr18Ni10Ti(321) | Solusi 980-1150 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 50 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr18Ni11Nb(347) | Solusi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 50 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr18Ni9Cu3 | Solusi 1010-1150 cooling cepet | 177 | 480 | 40 | 60 | 187 | 90 | 200 |
0Cr18Ni138i4 | Solusi 950-1100 cooling cepet | 205 | 520 | 40 | 60 | 207 | 95 | 218 |
0Cr26Ni5Mo2 | Solusi 930-1050 cooling cepet | 390 | 690 | 18 | 40 | 277 | 29 | 292 |
1Cr18Ni11Si4AITi | Solusi 920-1150 cooling cepet | 440 | 715 | 25 | 40 | |||
00Cr18NI5Mo3SI2 | Solusi padhet 1000-1100 cooling cepet | 390 | 590 | 20 | 40 | 30 | 300 |
Tabel: Tabel sifat mekanik baja tahan karat sing umum digunakake
Baja No. | Nomer Domestik | Isi saben komponen kimia (%) | |||||||||||
C | Cr | Ing | Saka | Mn | lan | S | Mo | P | Al | Cu | Fe | ||
304 | 0Cr19Ni9 | ≤0.08 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0~10.5 | ≤2.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤0,030 | ≤0,045 | wates | ||||
304L | 00Cr19Ni11 | 50.03 | 18.0~20.0 | 9.0~13.0 | ≤2.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤0,030 | ≤0,045 | wates | ||||
309S | 0Cr23Ni13 | ≤0.08 | 22.0–24.0 | 12.0~15.0 | ≤2.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤0,030 | ≤0,035 | wates | ||||
316 | 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 | ≤0.08 | 16.0-18.0 | 10.0~14.0 | ≤2.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤0,030 | 2.0~3.0 | 60.045 | wates | |||
316L | 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 | ≤0.03 | 16.0-18.0 | 12.0-15.0 | ≤2.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤0,030 | 2.0~3.0 | ≤0,045 | wates | |||
321 | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | ≤0.12 | 17.0-19.0 | 8.00-11.0 | ≥5X0 | ≤2.00 | ≤1.00 | ≤0,030 | ≤0,035 | wates | |||
322 | ≤0.12 | 16.0~18.0 | 6.00-8.00 | 1.00 | ≤2.00 | 1.00 | ≤0,030 | ≤0,045 | 1.00 | wates | |||
332 | ≤0.08 | 19.0~23.0 | 30.0~40.0 | ≤0,60 | ≤2.00 | ≤0,75 | ≤0,030 | E0.040 | 50.60 | wates | |||
430 | 1Cr17 | E0.12 | 16.0~18.0 | E0.60 | — | 1.00 | ≤0,75 | ≤0,030 | ≤0,035 | wates | |||
430LX | 1Cr17 (Ferit) | ≤0.03 | 16.0~19.0 | ≤0,60 | 0.1~1.0 | ≤1.00 | E0.75 | ≤0,030 | E0.040 | wates | |||
Inggris 6 0 0 | 50.15 | 14.0~17.0 | ≥72.0 | 61.00 | 60.50 | 60.015 | 50.50 | 6~10 | |||||
Inggris 8 0 1 | ≤0.05 | 20.50 | 32.0 | 1.10 | 0.15 | wates | |||||||
Inggris 8 2 5 | 0Cr21Ni42Mo3Cu2Ti | 50.02 | 19.5~23.5 | 38.0~46.0 | 0.6~1.2 | 51.00 | 60.50 | ≤0,030 | 2.5~3.5 | ≤0.20 | 1.5~3.0 | 22.0 min | |
Inggris 8 4 0 | ≤0.08 | 18.0~22.0 | 18.0-22.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ≤0,60 | wates | ||||||
334 | ≤0.08 | 18.0~22.0 | 18.0~22.0 | ≤0,60 | ≤2.00 | 50.75 | ≤0,030 | 60.040 | 60.60 | wates | |||
NAS840 | ≤0.08 | 18.0-22.0 | 18.0-22.0 | ≤0,60 | wates | ||||||||
310S | 0Cr25Ni20 | 50.08 | 24.0~26.0 | 19.0-22.0 | ≤2.00 | 1.50 | ≤0,030 | 50.045 | wates | ||||
840 REP | 0.08 | 24.0~26.0 | 19.0-22.0 | wates | |||||||||
Inggris 8 0 0 | 1Cr21Ni33AlTi | 50.10 | 19.0-23.0 | 30.0-35.0 | 0.40 | 51.50 | ≤1.00 | 50.015 | 0.15~0.6 | 50.75 | 39.5min | ||
NAS800 | ≤0.10 | 19.0-23.0 | 30.0~35.0 | 0.15-0.6 | wates |
China GB1220-92[84] GB3220-92[84] | JIS Jepang | USA AISI UNS | U.K. BS 970 Part4 BS 1449 Part2 | Jerman DIN 17440 DIN 17224 | Prancis NFA35-572 NFA35-576~582 NFA35-584 | Mantan Uni Soviet TOCT5632 |
1Cr17Mn6Ni5M | SUS201 | 201 | ||||
1Cr18Mn8Ni5X | SUS202 | 202 | 12×17.T9AH4 | |||
S20200 | 284S16 | |||||
2Cr13Mn9Ni4 | -- | -- | -- | |||
1Cr17Ni7 | SUS301 | 301 | ||||
S30100 | 301S21 | X12CrNi177 | Z12CN17.07 | |||
1Cr17Ni8 | SUS301J1 | X12CrNi177 | —- | |||
1Cr18Ni9 | SUS302 | 302 | 302S25 | X12CrNi188 | Z10CN18.09 | 12X18H9 |
1Cr18Ni9Si3 | SUS302B | 302B | ||||
YICr18Ni9 | SUS303 | 303 | 303S21 | X12CrNiS188 | Z10CNF18.09 | |
Y1Cr18Ni9Se | SUS303Se | 303Se | 303S41 | -- | ||
0Cr18Ni9 | SUS304 | 304 | 304S15 | X2CrNi89 | Z6CN18.09 | 08×18B10 |
00Cr19Ni10 | SUS304L | 304L | 304S12 | X2CrNi189 | Z2CN18.09 | 03X18H11 |
0Cr19Ni9N | SUS304N1 | 304N | 25CN18.09A2 | |||
00Cr19Ni10NbN | SUS304N | XM21 | ||||
00Cr18Ni10X | SUS304LN | X2CrNiN1810 | 22CN18.10N | |||
1Cr18Ni12 | SUS305 | S30500 | 305S19 | X5CrNi1911 | Z8CN18.12 | 12X18H12T |
[0Cr20Ni10] | SUS308 | 308 | -- | |||
0Cr23Ni13 | SUS309S | 309S | ||||
0Cr25Ni20 | SUS310S | 310S | ||||
0Cr17Ni12Mo2N | SUS315N | 316N.S31651 | - | -- | ||
0Cr17Ni12Mo2 | SUS316 | 316 | 316S16 | X5CrNiMo1812 | Z6CND17.12 | 08×17H12M2T |
00Cr17Ni14Mo2 | SUS316L | 316L | 316S12 | X2CrNiMo1812 | 22CND17.12 | 03×17H12M2 |
0Cr17Ni12Mo2N | SUS316N | 316N | - | |||
00Cr17Ni13Mo2N | SUS316LN | X2CrNiMoN1812 | 22CND17.12N | |||
0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti | - | -- | 320S17 | X10CrNiMo1810 | Z6CND17.12 | |
0Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2 | SUS316J1 | - | ||||
00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2 | SUS316J1L | -- | -- | |||
0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti | - | - | - | - | ||
1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti | - | - | ||||
0Cr19Ni13Mo3 | SUS317 | 317 | 317S16 | 08X17H15M3T | ||
00Cr19Ni13Mo3 | SUS317L | 317L | 317S12 | X2CrNiMo1816 | 03X16H15M3 | |
0Cr18Ni16Mo5 | SUS317J1 | - | - | |||
0Cr18Ni11Ti | SUS321 | 321 | X10CrNiTi189 | Z6CNT18.10 | 08X18H10T | |
1Cr18Ni9Ti | 12X18H20T | |||||
0Cr18Ni11Nb | sUS347 | 347 | 347S17 | X10CrNiNb189 | Z6CNNb18.10 | 08X18H12B |
0Cr18Ni13Si4 | SUSXM15J1 | XM15 | ||||
0Cr18Ni9Cu3 | SUSXM7 | XM7 | - | Z6CNU18.10 | -- | |
1Cr18Mn10NIMo3N | = | - | ||||
1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti | -- | 320S17 | X10CrNiMoTi1810 | Z8CND17.12 | -- | |
00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2 | -- | S31500 | 3RE60() | |||
0Cr26Ni5Mo2 | sUS329J1 | -- | - | |||
1Cr18Ni11Si4A1Ti | - | -- | -- | |||
1Cr21Ni5Ti | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||
0Cr13 | SUS410S | S41000 | X7Cr13 | 26C13 | 08X13 | |
1Cr13 | sUS410 | 410 | 410S21 | X10Cr13 | 212Cr13 | 12X13 |
2Cr13 | SUS420J1 | 420 | 420S29 | X20Cr13 | Z20Cr13 | 30X13 |
-- | S4200 | 420S27 | -- | |||
3Cr13 | SUS420J2 | -- | 420S45 | 14X17H2 |
3Cr13Mo | ||||||
3Cr16 | SUS429J1 | -- | -- | - | - | -- |
1Cr17Ni2 | SUS431 | 431 | 431S29 | X22CrNi17 | 215CN-02 | |
7Cr17 | SUS440A | 440A | -= | - | -- | |
11Kr17 | SUS440C | 440C | 95X18 | |||
8Cr17 | SUS440B | 44013 | - | - | - | |
1Cr12 | - | - | - | -- | -- | |
4Cr13 | SUS420J2 | = | X4DCr13 | Z40C13 | ||
9Cr18 | SUS440C | 440C | X105CrMo17 | Z100CD17 | - | |
9Cr18Mo | SUS4400 | 440C | -- | -- | ||
9Cr18MoV | SUS440B | 440B | X90CrMoV18 | Z6CN17.12 | ||
0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb | SUS630 | 630 | -- | |||
0Cr17Ni7A1 | SUS631 | 631 | 09X17H710 | |||
-- | S17700 | X7CrNiA1177 | Z8CNA17.7 | |||
0Cr15Ni7Mo2A1 | - | 632 | ||||
- | S15700 | -- | Z8CND15.7 | |||
00Cr12 | SUS410 | = | ||||
0Cr13A1[00Cr13A1] | SUS405 | 405 | -- | -- | -- | - |
-- | -- | S40500 | 405S17 | X7CrA113 | 26CA13 | |
1Cr15 | SUS429 | 429 | -- | -- | - | -- |
1Cr17 | SUS430 | 430 | -- | -- | 12X17 | |
-- | S43000 | 430S15 | X8Cr17 | 28C17 | ||
[Y1Cr17] | SUS430F | 430F | —— | - | ||
-- | S43020 | X12CrMoS17 | 210CF17 | -- | ||
00Cr17 | SUS430LX | - | -- | - | ||
1Cr17Mo | SUS434 | 434 | -- | - | ||
-- | S43400 | 434S19 | X6CrMo17 | 28CD17.01 |
00Cr17Mo | SUS436L | -- | -- | |||
00Cr18Mo2 | SUS444 | |||||
00Cr27Mo | SUSXM27 | XM27 | ||||
S44625 | Z01CD26.1 | |||||
00Cr30Mo2 | SUS447J1 | - | ||||
1Cr12 | SUS403 | 403,S40300 | 403S17 | - | ||
1Cr13Mo | SUS410J1 | -- |
Baja tahan karat wis akeh digunakake ing pirang-pirang lapangan amarga resistensi karat sing apik, tahan panas, tahan suhu rendah, kekuatan dhuwur lan perlindungan lingkungan lan ora beracun. Ing ngisor iki minangka area aplikasi utama stainless steel:
1) Lapangan Konstruksi:
1.1. Bahan struktural: Baja tahan karat bisa digunakake ing pambangunan bangunan rendah lan dhuwur, bangunan pendidikan lan rumah sakit, stadion, stasiun lan infrastruktur liyane. Kekuwatan lan ketahanan korosi sing dhuwur ndadekake bahan sing cocog kanggo nahan gravitasi lan karat lingkungan.
1.2. Unsur hiasan: Strip dekoratif stainless steel, skirtings, edging, lan liya-liyane digunakake ing dekorasi interior lan njaba bangunan. Padha ora mung ayu, nanging uga gampang kanggo njaga lan ngresiki.
2) Lapangan Transportasi:
2.1. Manufaktur mobil: Baja nyathet luwih saka 50% bobot mobil biasa, ing antarane baja kekuatan dhuwur sing maju (AHSS) akeh digunakake ing manufaktur kendaraan amarga karakteristik entheng, hemat energi lan ramah lingkungan. Macem-macem jinis baja digunakake kanggo bagean kayata awak, lawang, mesin, gearbox, setir, suspensi, poros roda lan interior.
2.2. Piranti transportasi liyane: Baja tahan karat uga akeh digunakake ing pabrik alat transportasi kayata truk, sepur, lan kapal, nyedhiyakake dhukungan struktural lan fungsi dekoratif.
3) Medan energi:
3.1. Infrastruktur: Baja tahan karat nduweni peran penting ing pambangunan infrastruktur ing lapangan energi kayata energi nuklir, energi angin, listrik lan gas alam. Contone, digunakake ing platform lepas pantai, peralatan earthwork lan quarrying, crane lan forklift lan peralatan pertambangan sumber daya liyane.
3.2. Peralatan transmisi: Baja tahan karat uga digunakake ing pabrik lan instalasi peralatan kayata sumur minyak lan gas lan platform, pipa, komponen turbin daya, menara listrik, turbin angin, menara transmisi, lsp.
4) Packaging lapangan:
4.1. Proteksi kargo: Bahan kemasan stainless steel bisa nglindhungi barang saka banyu, udara lan cahya, lan gampang didaur ulang lan digunakake maneh, nyukupi syarat perlindungan lingkungan.
4.2. Wadah panganan lan omben-omben: Baja tahan karat digunakake kanggo nggawe wadhah panganan lan minuman, kayata kaleng, tutup botol, lan sapiturute, kanggo njamin keamanan lan kebersihan panganan.
5) Perkakas omah lan pawon:
5.1. Perkakas omah: Baja tahan karat minangka salah sawijining bahan penting sing digunakake kanggo nggawe peralatan omah. Contone, struktur internal lan cangkang peralatan kayata kulkas, mesin cuci, oven, lan oven microwave asring digawe saka stainless steel.
5.2. Perkakas pawon: Panci stainless steel, ceret, sink, pancing lan peralatan pawon liyane populer amarga daya tahan, gampang reresik lan tahan korosi.
6) Produksi mesin:
6.1. Bagian mekanik: Baja tahan karat uga digunakake ing bidang manufaktur mesin. Contone, bilah turbin lan bagean mekanik asring digawe saka stainless steel.
6.2. Peralatan medis: Amarga resistensi karat lan kebersihan sing apik, baja tahan karat uga digunakake ing produksi pasokan medis, kayata scalpels, jarum, stent, kateter, lsp.
7) Bidang liyane:
7.1. Barang-barang rumah tangga: Baja tahan karat uga akeh digunakake ing barang-barang rumah tangga, kayata gantungan, rak andhuk, pancing, loker, lan liya-liyane, kanggo nambah kualitas lan kepraktisan perabot omah.
7.2. Peralatan kimia: Baja tahan karat uga digunakake ing peralatan kimia, kayata pabrik lan instalasi reaktor, tangki panyimpenan lan peralatan liyane.